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Scientists Confirm What Killed 96 Percent of Ocean Life in Earth's Worst Mass Extinction

A new Stanford-led study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences confirms that intolerable heat and diminished oxygen in ancient oceans drove the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, the deadliest event in Earth's history, roughly 252 million years ago. By comparing living relatives of the animal groups that died out with those that survived, researchers show that metabolism, not chance, determined which species lived or died.