
Reporting published on September 13, 2026 says a hardline faction inside Iran carried out the July attacks near the Strait of Hormuz without the knowledge or approval of Iran's political leadership. President Masoud Pezeshkian was reportedly surprised and telephoned the head of the Revolutionary Guard, who said he had not authorised the strikes either. The attacks provoked a United States military response and derailed a Memorandum of Understanding that was meant to end the war.

Science · Sep 13 · L1-L4