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5,500-Year-Old Copper-Mining Camp Discovered in Spanish Pyrenees Cave at 2,200-Meter Altitude

Archaeologists have uncovered evidence of a prehistoric copper-processing camp inside Cave 338 in the Freser Valley of the Spanish Pyrenees, perched at 2,235 meters above sea level. Excavations revealed 23 ancient hearths packed with fragments of malachite -- a green copper-bearing mineral -- along with a child's finger bone and tooth, and two ornamental pendants made from a shell and a brown bear tooth. A study amplified by ScienceDaily on June 3, 2026 found that people returned to the remote cave repeatedly over roughly 2,000 years beginning around 3,500 BC, making it the earliest known evidence of intensive high-altitude human activity in the Pyrenees and rewriting the understanding of how ancient communities sourced raw materials from the mountains.