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Scientists Discover Exploding Immune Cells in Flatworms That Detonate in Under Two Minutes

Stanford University researchers have discovered a brand-new type of immune cell in planarian flatworms that kills surrounding cells by literally exploding, releasing a burst of toxic compounds in less than two minutes. Published in the journal Cell on June 2, 2026, the study names these cells 'ruptoblasts' and their explosive death mechanism 'ruptosis,' which is triggered by the hormone activin. Unlike typical immune cells produced in bone marrow, ruptoblasts are glandular cells, making them unlike any known immune cell type, and scientists say understanding them could yield new insights into how immune systems protect against cancer and infection.