شرح مختصر للمضارع التام والماضي التام والمضارع التام المستمر، مع التركيب والاستخدام والتصريف الثالث للأفعال الشائعة.
Form: Present Perfect
have/has + V3.
Form: Past Perfect
had + V3.
Form: Present Perfect Continuous
have/has been + V+ing.
Use: Present Perfect
حدث بدأ في الماضي وله صلة بالحاضر.
Use: Past Perfect
حدث انتهى قبل حدث آخر في الماضي.
since vs for
since + نقطة زمنية، for + مدة زمنية.
I have lived here ___ 2010.
since.
I have lived here ___ 5 years.
for.
She has just left.
just = للتوّ / قبل قليل (Present Perfect).
Have you ever been to Paris?
ever = في أي وقت مضى / قطّ.
I haven't seen him yet.
yet = بعدُ (في النفي والسؤال).
He has already finished.
already = بالفعل / سبق أن.
Past of 'go' (V3)
gone (have gone) أو been (have been).
Past of 'see' (V3)
seen.
Past of 'eat' (V3)
eaten.
Past of 'write' (V3)
written.
Past of 'speak' (V3)
spoken.
Past of 'take' (V3)
taken.
Past of 'do' (V3)
done.
Past of 'be' (V3)
been.
When I arrived, the train ___. (already left)
had already left — Past Perfect (الماضي التام).
By next year, I ___ (graduate).
will have graduated — Future Perfect (المستقبل التام).
She ___ (study) for 3 hours.
has been studying — Present Perfect Continuous (المضارع التام المستمر).
Difference: been to / gone to
been to = زار المكان وعاد، gone to = ذهب وما زال هناك.
I have been to Paris twice.
زرتُ باريس مرتين.