Perfect Tenses – Les temps parfaits

Form: Present Perfect

have/has + participe passé.

Form: Past Perfect

had + participe passé.

Form: Present Perfect Continuous

have/has been + V+ing.

Use: Present Perfect

Une action qui a commencé dans le passé et qui a une pertinence pour le présent.

Use: Past Perfect

Une action qui s'est terminée avant une autre action dans le passé.

since vs for

since + point dans le temps; for + durée.

I have lived here ___ 2010.

since.

I have lived here ___ 5 years.

for.

She has just left.

just = à l'instant (Present Perfect).

Have you ever been to Paris?

ever = déjà / une fois.

I haven't seen him yet.

yet = pas encore.

He has already finished.

already = déjà.

Past participle of 'go'

gone (have gone) ou been (have been).

Past participle of 'see'

seen.

Past participle of 'eat'

eaten.

Past participle of 'write'

written.

Past participle of 'speak'

spoken.

Past participle of 'take'

taken.

Past participle of 'do'

done.

Past participle of 'be'

been.

When I arrived, the train ___. (already left)

had already left (Past Perfect).

By next year, I ___ (graduate).

will have graduated (Future Perfect).

She ___ (study) for 3 hours.

has been studying (Present Perfect Continuous).

Difference: been to / gone to

been to = on y est allé et on en est revenu ; gone to = il est parti et il y est encore.

I have been to Paris twice.

J'ai été à Paris deux fois.