Level 1 — Absolute Beginner

Jonathan Pollard is an American man who moved to Israel. He used to work for the US Navy. His job was to look at secret information.

Many years ago, Pollard gave secret information to Israel. This is called spying. The US government was very angry. Pollard went to prison for 30 years.

After prison, Pollard moved to Israel in 2020. Now he wants to be a politician. He wants to join the Knesset, which is Israel's parliament. A parliament is where people make laws for a country.

spy

A person who secretly collects information about another country.

prison

A building where people are kept as punishment for a crime.

secret

Something that is not known by other people.

politician

A person who works in government and makes decisions for a country.

parliament

A group of people who make the laws of a country.

government

The group of people who control and make decisions for a country.

intelligence

Secret information collected about other countries.

announce

To tell people about something publicly.

Level 2 — Elementary

Jonathan Pollard, a former US Navy intelligence analyst, has announced he will run for a seat in the Israeli Knesset. Pollard is one of the most controversial figures in US-Israel relations because he was convicted of spying for Israel while working for the American government.

Pollard was arrested in 1985 and sentenced to life in prison for passing classified military documents to Israel. He served 30 years before being released in 2015. After his release, he was required to stay in the United States for five years before he was allowed to move to Israel in December 2020.

Now living in Jerusalem, the 71-year-old says he wants to serve Israel through politics. His announcement has created strong reactions. Some Israelis see him as a hero who sacrificed his freedom for their country, while others worry that his candidacy could damage relations between Israel and the United States.

analyst

A person whose job is to study information carefully.

controversial

Causing a lot of disagreement and discussion.

convicted

Found guilty of a crime in a court of law.

classified

Officially secret and only available to certain people.

sentenced

Given a punishment by a judge in a court.

candidacy

The state of being a candidate who is running for a position.

sacrifice

To give up something important for a cause or another person.

relations

The way two countries or groups connect and deal with each other.

Level 3 — Intermediate

Jonathan Pollard, the former US Navy intelligence analyst whose espionage case became one of the most divisive episodes in the history of US-Israel relations, has announced his intention to run for a seat in the Israeli Knesset. The 71-year-old, who served 30 years in American federal prison for passing classified defense documents to Israel, is positioning himself as a candidate who understands sacrifice and loyalty.

Pollard's case has been a source of tension between Washington and Jerusalem for nearly four decades. Arrested in 1985 outside the Israeli embassy in Washington while attempting to seek asylum, Pollard was subsequently convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage and sentenced to life imprisonment. His case became a rallying point for many in the Israeli and American Jewish communities, who argued that his sentence was disproportionately harsh compared to other espionage cases.

Released in 2015 after serving his full parole-eligible term, Pollard was subject to restrictive parole conditions for five years before finally emigrating to Israel in December 2020, where he was greeted by then-Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on the airport tarmac. Since settling in Jerusalem, Pollard has gradually entered public life, giving interviews and attending political events.

His candidacy announcement has polarized Israeli society. Supporters argue that Pollard made an extraordinary sacrifice for the Jewish state and deserves to participate in its democratic institutions. Critics contend that his entry into politics could strain the US-Israel alliance and that his espionage conviction should disqualify him from holding public office.

espionage

The practice of spying to obtain secret political or military information.

divisive

Causing disagreement or hostility between people.

asylum

Protection given by a country to someone who has left their own country for safety.

conspiracy

A secret plan by a group to do something illegal or harmful.

disproportionately

To a degree that is too large or too small compared to something else.

emigrating

Leaving one's own country to live permanently in another.

polarized

Divided into two sharply opposing groups or opinions.

contend

To argue or claim that something is true.

Level 4 — Advanced

In a development that has reignited one of the most enduring and emotionally charged controversies in the annals of US-Israel relations, Jonathan Pollard — the former US Navy intelligence analyst who served three decades in American federal prison for passing classified defense information to Israel — has declared his candidacy for the Israeli Knesset. The 71-year-old's foray into electoral politics represents an extraordinary coda to a saga that has periodically inflamed bilateral tensions and galvanized passionate advocacy on both sides of the Atlantic.

Pollard's arrest in November 1985, as he attempted to gain sanctuary at the Israeli embassy in Washington, precipitated a diplomatic crisis that would reverberate for decades. Convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage under 18 U.S.C. § 794, he received a life sentence that many in the Israeli establishment and American Jewish community regarded as vindictively disproportionate, particularly when juxtaposed against the comparatively lenient sentences meted out to other convicted spies. The case engendered a protracted campaign for clemency that became inextricably intertwined with the broader dynamics of the US-Israel strategic relationship.

Following his release in November 2015 after serving the minimum term for parole eligibility, Pollard endured five years of restrictive supervisory conditions before emigrating to Israel in December 2020, where he was ceremoniously received on the Ben Gurion Airport tarmac by then-Prime Minister Netanyahu. His subsequent integration into Israeli public life has been characterized by a deliberate and incremental escalation of political engagement — from media interviews to attendance at Knesset committee hearings.

The announcement of his candidacy has precipitated a predictably bifurcated response within Israeli society. Proponents frame his three-decade incarceration as a profound sacrifice that uniquely qualifies him to serve the nation, while detractors argue that his electoral participation could constitute a gratuitous provocation to Washington at a time when the bilateral relationship faces multifaceted challenges. Legal scholars have noted the ironic constitutional dimension: while Israeli law does not explicitly bar convicted foreign spies from holding office, his candidacy tests the implicit boundaries of democratic participation in unprecedented ways.

annals

Historical records or chronicles of events over the years.

coda

A concluding event, remark, or section; a final chapter.

galvanized

Shocked or excited someone into taking action.

vindictively

In a way that is meant to cause hurt or punishment out of revenge.

clemency

Mercy or leniency shown to someone being punished.

inextricably

In a way that is impossible to separate or disentangle.

bifurcated