Perfect Tenses – זמני Perfect

Form: Present Perfect

have/has + V3.

Form: Past Perfect

had + V3.

Form: Present Perfect Continuous

have/has been + V+ing.

Use: Present Perfect

פעולה שהתחילה בעבר ונוגעת להווה.

Use: Past Perfect

פעולה שהסתיימה לפני פעולה אחרת בעבר.

since vs for

since + נקודת זמן; for + משך זמן.

I have lived here ___ 2010.

since.

I have lived here ___ 5 years.

for.

She has just left.

just = הרגע (Present Perfect).

Have you ever been to Paris?

ever = אי-פעם.

I haven't seen him yet.

yet = עדיין (לא).

He has already finished.

already = כבר.

Past of 'go' (V3)

gone (have gone) או been (have been).

Past of 'see' (V3)

seen.

Past of 'eat' (V3)

eaten.

Past of 'write' (V3)

written.

Past of 'speak' (V3)

spoken.

Past of 'take' (V3)

taken.

Past of 'do' (V3)

done.

Past of 'be' (V3)

been.

When I arrived, the train ___. (already left)

had already left — Past Perfect.

By next year, I ___ (graduate).

will have graduated — Future Perfect.

She ___ (study) for 3 hours.

has been studying — Present Perfect Continuous.

Difference: been to / gone to

been to = ביקרתי וחזרתי; gone to = הלך ועדיין שם.

I have been to Paris twice.

ביקרתי בפריז פעמיים.