Technical C2-level Italian vocabulary for economics, business and finance, written for English speakers learning Italian.
economia
economics; economy; the study of how goods are produced, consumed and distributed
microeconomia
microeconomics; study of small economic units such as households and firms
macroeconomia
macroeconomics; study of the economy as a whole
PIL (Prodotto Interno Lordo)
GDP (gross domestic product); total value of goods and services a country produces in a year
inflazione
inflation; general rise in prices; fall in the value of money
deflazione
deflation; general fall in prices; rise in the value of money
stagflazione
stagflation; a stagnating economy combined with rising prices
recessione
recession; economic decline with falling output, employment and income
depressione
depression; deep, prolonged economic decline, worse than a recession
espansione economica
economic expansion; growth in output, employment and prosperity
ciclo economico
business cycle, economic cycle; pattern of expansion and contraction over time
tasso di interesse
interest rate; percentage charged for borrowing money
Banca Centrale
central bank; public institution that regulates the banking system and currency
mercato monetario
money market; market for short-term funds traded between banks
borsa valori
stock exchange; market where shares and bonds are traded
azione
share, stock; a unit of ownership in a company
obbligazione
bond; a loan to a company or government that pays interest to the holder
dividendo
dividend; part of a company's profit paid to shareholders
capitale
capital; economic resources such as money, assets or equipment
investimento
investment; putting money into something to earn a future return
rendita
income, yield, annuity; regular income from property, loans or rent
profitto
profit; the difference between revenue and costs
perdita
loss; when expenses exceed revenue
margine di guadagno
profit margin; percentage or amount earned on a product or service
costo fisso
fixed cost; expense that does not change with output (e.g. rent)
costo variabile
variable cost; expense that changes with output (e.g. raw materials)
punto di pareggio
break-even point; level of output where revenue equals costs
bilancio
balance sheet; statement of assets, liabilities and equity
conto economico
income statement, profit and loss account
flusso di cassa
cash flow; movement of money into and out of a business
liquidità
liquidity; ability to pay short-term debts on time
solvibilità
solvency; ability to meet all debts in the long term
insolvenza
insolvency; inability of a company or person to pay debts
fallimento
bankruptcy; legal procedure declaring inability to pay; also: failure
tasso di cambio
exchange rate; value of one currency against another
import/export
import/export; goods brought into or sent out of a country
bilancia commerciale
balance of trade; difference between a country's exports and imports
dazio doganale
customs duty, tariff; tax on imported goods
i sussidi
subsidies; government financial aid to a company or person
monopolio
monopoly; control of an entire market by one company
concorrenza
competition; rivalry between companies for market share
cartello
cartel; agreement between companies to limit competition and keep prices high