Le Present Perfect, le Past Perfect et le Present Perfect Continuous pour les apprenants de niveau intermédiaire.
Form: Present Perfect
have/has + V3.
Form: Past Perfect
had + V3.
Form: Present Perfect Continuous
have/has been + V+ing.
Use: Present Perfect
Une action qui a commencé dans le passé et qui a une pertinence pour le présent.
Use: Past Perfect
Une action qui s'est terminée avant une autre action dans le passé.
since vs for
since + point dans le temps; for + durée.
I have lived here ___ 2010.
since.
I have lived here ___ 5 years.
for.
She has just left.
just = à l'instant (Present Perfect).
Have you ever been to Paris?
ever = déjà / une fois.
I haven't seen him yet.
yet = pas encore.
He has already finished.
already = déjà.
Past of 'go' (V3)
gone (have gone) ou been (have been).
Past of 'see' (V3)
seen.
Past of 'eat' (V3)
eaten.
Past of 'write' (V3)
written.
Past of 'speak' (V3)
spoken.
Past of 'take' (V3)
taken.
Past of 'do' (V3)
done.
Past of 'be' (V3)
been.
When I arrived, the train ___. (already left)
had already left — Past Perfect.
By next year, I ___ (graduate).
will have graduated — Future Perfect.
She ___ (study) for 3 hours.
has been studying — Present Perfect Continuous.
Difference: been to / gone to
been to = j'ai visité et je suis revenu; gone to = il est parti et il y est encore.
I have been to Paris twice.
J'ai été à Paris deux fois.