Present perfect, past perfect e present perfect continuous: forma, uso, participi irregolari ed esercizi, spiegati in italiano.
Form: Present Perfect
have/has + V3.
Form: Past Perfect
had + V3.
Form: Present Perfect Continuous
have/has been + V+ing.
Use: Present Perfect
Azione iniziata nel passato che ha rilevanza nel presente.
Use: Past Perfect
Azione conclusa prima di un’altra azione passata.
since vs for
since + momento preciso, for + durata.
I have lived here ___ 2010.
since.
I have lived here ___ 5 years.
for.
She has just left.
just = appena, proprio adesso (Present Perfect).
Have you ever been to Paris?
ever = mai (nelle domande), qualche volta.
I haven't seen him yet.
yet = ancora (non), finora.
He has already finished.
already = già.
Past of 'go' (V3)
gone (have gone) oppure been (have been).
Past of 'see' (V3)
seen.
Past of 'eat' (V3)
eaten.
Past of 'write' (V3)
written.
Past of 'speak' (V3)
spoken.
Past of 'take' (V3)
taken.
Past of 'do' (V3)
done.
Past of 'be' (V3)
been.
When I arrived, the train ___. (already left)
had already left — Past Perfect.
By next year, I ___ (graduate).
will have graduated — Future Perfect.
She ___ (study) for 3 hours.
has been studying — Present Perfect Continuous.
Difference: been to / gone to
been to = ci sono stato e sono tornato, gone to = è andato e si trova ancora lì.
I have been to Paris twice.
Sono stato a Parigi due volte.