Perfect Tenses – Οι χρόνοι Perfect

Form: Present Perfect

have/has + V3.

Form: Past Perfect

had + V3.

Form: Present Perfect Continuous

have/has been + V+ing.

Use: Present Perfect

Πράξη που ξεκίνησε στο παρελθόν και σχετίζεται με το παρόν.

Use: Past Perfect

Πράξη που ολοκληρώθηκε πριν από μια άλλη πράξη στο παρελθόν.

since vs for

since + χρονικό σημείο, for + χρονική διάρκεια.

I have lived here ___ 2010.

since

I have lived here ___ 5 years.

for

She has just left.

just = μόλις (Present Perfect).

Have you ever been to Paris?

ever = ποτέ (σε ερώτηση: έχεις ... ποτέ).

I haven't seen him yet.

yet = ακόμα (σε άρνηση).

He has already finished.

already = ήδη.

Past of 'go' (V3)

gone (have gone) ή been (have been).

Past of 'see' (V3)

seen

Past of 'eat' (V3)

eaten

Past of 'write' (V3)

written

Past of 'speak' (V3)

spoken

Past of 'take' (V3)

taken

Past of 'do' (V3)

done

Past of 'be' (V3)

been

When I arrived, the train ___. (already left)

had already left — Past Perfect.

By next year, I ___ (graduate).

will have graduated — Future Perfect.

She ___ (study) for 3 hours.

has been studying — Present Perfect Continuous.

Difference: been to / gone to

been to = πήγα και γύρισα, gone to = πήγε και είναι ακόμα εκεί.

I have been to Paris twice.

Έχω πάει στο Παρίσι δύο φορές.