Present Perfect, Past Perfect e Present Perfect Continuous para o nível intermediário.
Form: Present Perfect
have/has + V3.
Form: Past Perfect
had + V3.
Form: Present Perfect Continuous
have/has been + V+ing.
Use: Present Perfect
Uma ação que começou no passado e tem relevância no presente.
Use: Past Perfect
Uma ação que terminou antes de outra ação no passado.
since vs for
since + ponto no tempo; for + duração de tempo.
I have lived here ___ 2010.
since.
I have lived here ___ 5 years.
for.
She has just left.
just = agora mesmo (Present Perfect).
Have you ever been to Paris?
ever = alguma vez/já.
I haven't seen him yet.
yet = ainda (não).
He has already finished.
already = já.
Past of 'go' (V3)
gone (have gone) ou been (have been).
Past of 'see' (V3)
seen.
Past of 'eat' (V3)
eaten.
Past of 'write' (V3)
written.
Past of 'speak' (V3)
spoken.
Past of 'take' (V3)
taken.
Past of 'do' (V3)
done.
Past of 'be' (V3)
been.
When I arrived, the train ___. (already left)
had already left — Past Perfect.
By next year, I ___ (graduate).
will have graduated — Future Perfect.
She ___ (study) for 3 hours.
has been studying — Present Perfect Continuous.
Difference: been to / gone to
been to = visitou e voltou; gone to = foi e ainda está lá.
I have been to Paris twice.
Eu estive em Paris duas vezes.