Present Perfect, Past Perfect y Present Perfect Continuous para el nivel intermedio-avanzado.
Form: Present Perfect
have/has + V3.
Form: Past Perfect
had + V3.
Form: Present Perfect Continuous
have/has been + V+ing.
Use: Present Perfect
Una acción que comenzó en el pasado y tiene relevancia en el presente.
Use: Past Perfect
Una acción que terminó antes de otra acción en el pasado.
since vs for
since + punto en el tiempo; for + duración de tiempo.
I have lived here ___ 2010.
since.
I have lived here ___ 5 years.
for.
She has just left.
just = justo ahora (Present Perfect).
Have you ever been to Paris?
ever = alguna vez.
I haven't seen him yet.
yet = todavía (no).
He has already finished.
already = ya.
Past of 'go' (V3)
gone (have gone) o been (have been).
Past of 'see' (V3)
seen.
Past of 'eat' (V3)
eaten.
Past of 'write' (V3)
written.
Past of 'speak' (V3)
spoken.
Past of 'take' (V3)
taken.
Past of 'do' (V3)
done.
Past of 'be' (V3)
been.
When I arrived, the train ___. (already left)
had already left — Past Perfect.
By next year, I ___ (graduate).
will have graduated — Future Perfect.
She ___ (study) for 3 hours.
has been studying — Present Perfect Continuous.
Difference: been to / gone to
been to = he visitado y regresado; gone to = ha ido y todavía está allí.
I have been to Paris twice.
He estado en París dos veces.